Life cycle phases: Literature review and new classification proposal for application in healthcare.

INTRODUCTION: Although uncommon in dentistry, the concept of the life cycle holds great importance for dental professionals in identifying crucial intervention opportunities and determining the optimal timing for treatments and procedures. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review of the literature on life cycle classifications and their distinct phases, evaluating their applicability in healthcare. METHODS: A literature review was performed, searching for articles in PubMed, SciELO, National Health Library (BvB), and Google Scholar databases, as well as relevant books. The keywords "life cycle," "life stages," "human development," "age groups," and "biological age" were used. Relevant articles were selected by analyzing their titles and abstracts, and read in full to confirm their inclusion in the research. RESULTS: Nine distinct life cycle classifications were found, each with unique criteria. CONCLUSION: Based on the comprehensive literature review, a novel classification was proposed (The 10-phase Life Cycle), which encompasses dental, growth, physiological aging, sociocultural, and behavioral characteristics, aiming to enhance communication among healthcare professionals, particularly those engaged in the growth, development, and aging processes of human beings.

Orthodontic Wires: A 12-Year Bibliometric Study.

Aims and Objectives: To perform a bibliometric study to identify and evaluate articles associated with "orthodontic wires" indexed in six databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, and Google Scholar) from 2010 to 2022. Materials and Methods: The search strategy in PubMed combined different medical subject heading terms with free-text words and was adjusted for each selected database. The retrieved documents were original English articles containing the keywords used in the search strategies related to orthodontic wires. Collected data consisted of journal name, nationality, field, JIF-2 and JIF-5, SJR, CiteScore, Q and H-index, and categorization of the study. Results: In total, 417 articles were retrieved from the initial search. After the exclusion criteria, 257 articles remained. The most common theme was mechanical properties, with basic studies as the main categorization. Conclusions: This bibliometric survey provides an overview of orthodontic wires publications that might help orthodontists to understand the tendency of the studies on this subject. The retrieved papers were published in 100 journals, including 15 orthodontic journals, mainly in the first and second quartiles. Europe and America were the continents with the highest number of papers. The United States was the country with the highest number of journals on the topic. AJODO presented the highest h-index among the retrieved orthodontic journals. Brazil represented the principal institutions of origin of the listed articles. There was a tendency to increase the number of publications on orthodontic wires over the years. These findings indicate that research on orthodontic wires is still contemporary and relevant.

Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 telephone interview reliability to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in orthosurgical patients.

BACKGROUND: The influence of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 administration method through telephone or face-to-face interviews in orthosurgical patients is unknown. The study aims to assess the reliability of the OHIP-14 questionnaire through its stability and internal consistency when applied through a telephone interview compared with a face-to-face interview. METHODS: A total of 21 orthosurgical patients were selected to compare the scores obtained in OHIP-14. The interview was carried out by telephone, and 2 weeks later, the patient was invited to attend a face-to-face interview. Stability was verified by Cohen's kappa coefficient with quadratic weighting for individual items and intraclass correlation coefficient for the total OHIP-14 score. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale and its seven subscales. RESULTS: Items 5 and 6 showed reasonable agreement in the two modes of administration; 4 and 14 moderate; 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 13 substantial; and items 2, 8, 10, and 12 showed almost perfect agreement, according to the Cohen's kappa coefficient test. The instrument's internal consistency was better in the face-to-face interview (0.89) than it was in the telephone interview (0.85). For the evaluation of the seven OHIP-14 subscales, differences were found in functional limitations, psychological discomfort, and social disadvantage subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were some differences in OHIP-14 subscales between the interview methods, the total score of the questionnaire showed good stability and internal consistency. The telephone method can be a reliable alternative for the application of the OHIP-14 questionnaire in orthosurgical patients.

Life cycle phases: Literature review and new classification proposal for application in healthcare

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although uncommon in dentistry, the concept of the life cycle holds great importance for dental professionals in identifying crucial intervention opportunities and determining the optimal timing for treatments and procedures. Objective: To carry out a review of the literature on life cycle classifications and their distinct phases, evaluating their applicability in healthcare. Methods: A literature review was performed, searching for articles in PubMed, SciELO, National Health Library (BvB), and Google Scholar databases, as well as relevant books. The keywords "life cycle," "life stages," "human development," "age groups," and "biological age" were used. Relevant articles were selected by analyzing their titles and abstracts, and read in full to confirm their inclusion in the research. Results: Nine distinct life cycle classifications were found, each with unique criteria. Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive literature review, a novel classification was proposed (The 10-phase Life Cycle), which encompasses dental, growth, physiological aging, sociocultural, and behavioral characteristics, aiming to enhance communication among healthcare professionals, particularly those engaged in the growth, development, and aging processes of human beings.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora incomum na Odontologia, o conceito de ciclo vital é de grande importância para ajudar os profissionais dessa área a identificar oportunidades cruciais para intervenções e para determinar o momento ideal para tratamentos e procedimentos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as classificações do ciclo vital e suas distintas fases, avaliando sua aplicabilidade na área da saúde. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, buscando artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca Nacional de Saúde (BvB) e Google Acadêmico; além de livros relevantes. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chave "ciclo vital", "estágios de vida", "desenvolvimento humano", "faixas etárias" e "idade biológica". Os artigos relevantes foram selecionados por meio da análise de seus títulos e resumos e lidos na íntegra para confirmar sua inclusão na pesquisa. Resultados: Nove classificações distintas de ciclo vital foram encontradas, cada uma com critérios únicos. Conclusão: Com base nessa revisão abrangente da literatura, é proposta uma nova classificação (o ciclo vital de 10 fases) que engloba características dentárias, de crescimento, envelhecimento fisiológico, socioculturais e comportamentais, com o objetivo de melhorar a comunicação entre os profissionais da área de saúde, particularmente aqueles envolvidos nos processos de crescimento, desenvolvimento e envelhecimento do ser humano.

Tratamento compensatório da má oclusão de Classe III assimétrica com arcos multiloop: estabilidade após 10 anos de tratamento / Compensatory treatment of asymmetric Class III occlusion with multiloop archwires: stability after 10 years of treatment

Resumo Este relato de caso clínico apresenta o tratamento não cirúrgico de uma paciente de 17 anos e 4 meses de idade, com má oclusão de Classe III, subdivisão direita, assimetria facial, desvio do mento para a direita, perfil reto, mordida anterior de topo, com prognatismo mandibular e mordida cruzada posterior unilateral. Foi realizado um tratamento compensatório com arcos multiloop para nivelamento lateral e sagital do plano oclusal, uma vez que o tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico não foi aceito pela paciente devido aos custos e riscos envolvidos. Adequados trespasses vertical e horizontal foram alcançados, além da relação de Classe I, com uma melhora aceitável da assimetria facial que permaneceu estável após 10 anos do tratamento ortodôntico (AU)

Abstract This clinical case report presents the non-surgical treatment of a 17 years and 4 months old female patient, with right subdivision, Class III malocclusion, facial asymmetry, chin deviation to the right, straight profile, top anterior bite, with mandibular prognathism, and unilateral posterior crossbite. A compensatory treatment was performed with multiloop archwires for lateral and sagittal leveling of the occlusal plane, since the orthodontic-surgical treatment was not accepted by the patient due to the cost and risks involved. Adequate overjet and overjet were achieved, in addition to a Class I relationship, with an acceptable improvement in facial asymmetry that remained stable after 10 years of orthodontic treatment. (AU)

Sexo ou gênero? Entendendo a nomenclatura correta em pesquisa / Sex or gender? Understanding the correct nomenclature use on research

Resumo A terminologia "Sexo" e "Gênero" possui importância na área científica, especificamente, na área da saúde. Ainda se observa o uso incorreto dos termos Sexo e Gênero, até mesmo como sinônimos. Esta revisão sistematizada da literatura tem a finalidade de abordar e discutir o uso dos termos "Sexo" e "Gênero" nas pesquisas científicas na área da saúde. As bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, Google Acadêmico, DOSS/EBSCO, BVS/BBO/LILACS foram consultadas em 2022. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos MeSH: "Sexo, Sexualidade"; "Gênero, Análise de Gênero, Identidade de Gênero"; "Masculino, Homem"; e "Feminino, Mulher". O critério PECO foi articulado para identificar artigos que definiam os termos "Sexo" e "Gênero". Foram recuperados 933 artigos até 2022, sendo 15 incluídos na síntese qualitativa dos resultados nas áreas de Medicina, Odontologia, Psicologia, Sociologia, Enfermagem e Ciências Econômicas, entre 1993 e 2021. Observou-se uma tendência de utilizar "Sexo" ao contexto ortodoxo exclusivo às características sexuais decorrentes da biologia humana. Enquanto, "Gênero" correspondeu à personificação individual de como o participante da pesquisa gostaria de se declarar ao estudo. O uso do termo "Sexo" está associado à biologia humana (macho ou fêmea), ou seja, relacionado às características sexuais. O termo "Gênero¼ refere-se à autopercepção, ao papel social, comportamento e à identidade da pessoa. Dessa forma, estudos que envolvem caraterísticas biológicas (morfológicas, cronológicas, de crescimento e desenvolvimento físicos) deveriam considerar o "Sexo", enquanto estudos de outra natureza, deveriam considerar o "Gênero".(AU)

Abstract The terms "Sex" and "Gender" are important in the scientific area, specifically in the health area. It is still observed the incorrect use of the terms Sex and Gender, even as synonyms. This systematic literature review aims to address and discuss the use of the terms "Sex" and "Gender" in scientific research in the health area. Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, DOSS/EBSCO, BVS/BBO/LILACS databases were consulted in 2022. The search strategy included MeSH terms: "Sex, Sexuality"; "Gender, Gender Analysis, Gender Identity"; "Male, Man"; and "Female, Woman". The PECO criteria was articulated to identify articles that defined the terms "Sex" and "Gender". A total of 933 articles were retrieved in 2022, of which 15 were included in the qualitative synthesis of results in the areas of Medicine, Dentistry, Psychology, Sociology, Nursing, and Economic Sciences, between 1993 and 2021. There was a tendency to use "Sex" in the orthodox context exclusive to sexual characteristics arising from human biology. Meanwhile, "Gender" corresponded to the individual personification of how the research participant would like to declare himself /herself to the study. The use of the term "Sex" is associated to the human biology (male or female), that is, related to sexual characteristics. The term "Gender" refers to self-perception, social role, behavior, and to the person identity. Thus, studies involving biological factors (morphological, chronological, physical growth and development) should consider Sex, while studies of another nature should consider Gender (AU)

A reflection on the role of women in Science, Dentistry and Brazilian Orthodontics.

INTRODUCTION: This paper reviews the history of women scientists in the 'Western world', whilst highlighting the persistent socio-structural issues that have led to the hiding and masking of the participation of women in Science. Further, a reflection is made of the situation of Dentistry, specifically in the field of Orthodontics in Brazil. The difference between genders is discussed, with the intention to map the progress of women in management and leadership positions, in both the academic and professional fields. DESCRIPTION: In Brazil, within Dentistry and Orthodontics, despite being in a numerical majority, women are still underrepresented in the area of professional leadership. This is true for Research Groups and Research Productivity; an example being the relatively low authorship of publications in a Brazilian journal of Orthodontics. They are also underrepresented as lead presenters at professional meetings, whilst there are also few female Presidents of professional organizations and associations. CONCLUSION: Despite being in a numerical majority, it is also important that women act in a more co-ordinated and consistent manner to achieve greater representation in these areas. The necessary changes in the structure in order to achieve this are not only of women and for women, but they must also involve the whole of society so that leadership, rights and duties are equally distributed between the genders.

A reflection on the role of women in Science, Dentistry and Brazilian Orthodontics

ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper reviews the history of women scientists in the 'Western world', whilst highlighting the persistent socio-structural issues that have led to the hiding and masking of the participation of women in Science. Further, a reflection is made of the situation of Dentistry, specifically in the field of Orthodontics in Brazil. The difference between genders is discussed, with the intention to map the progress of women in management and leadership positions, in both the academic and professional fields. Description: In Brazil, within Dentistry and Orthodontics, despite being in a numerical majority, women are still underrepresented in the area of professional leadership. This is true for Research Groups and Research Productivity; an example being the relatively low authorship of publications in a Brazilian journal of Orthodontics. They are also underrepresented as lead presenters at professional meetings, whilst there are also few female Presidents of professional organizations and associations. Conclusion: Despite being in a numerical majority, it is also important that women act in a more co-ordinated and consistent manner to achieve greater representation in these areas. The necessary changes in the structure in order to achieve this are not only of women and for women, but they must also involve the whole of society so that leadership, rights and duties are equally distributed between the genders.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou resgatar a história de mulheres cientistas nos principais períodos históricos do mundo ocidental, para realçar a questão socioestrutural persistente que "invisibiliza" e mascara a participação das mulheres na Ciência. A partir disso, realizou-se uma reflexão sobre a situação da Odontologia, especificamente na área de Ortodontia no Brasil, no que tange à diferença de gêneros, com a finalidade de mapear a atuação das mulheres nos cargos de gestão e liderança nos âmbitos acadêmico e profissional. Descrição: No Brasil, na área de Odontologia e Ortodontia, apesar de serem maioria numérica, as mulheres ainda são minoria na liderança de Grupos de Pesquisa, Produtividade em Pesquisa, na autoria de artigos em um periódico nacional da área de Ortodontia, palestrantes de congressos e na presidência de Associações de Classe. Conclusão: Apesar de apresentar maioria numérica, é importante que as mulheres atuem de maneira mais consistente. As mudanças necessárias na estrutura não são apenas da mulher e para a mulher, mas devem envolver toda a sociedade para que direitos e deveres sejam distribuídos de forma igualitária entre os sexos.

Como realizar a análise tridimensional das vias aéreas superiores em pacientes ortodônticos? / How to perform a three-dimensional analysis of the upper airways in orthodontic patients?

Resumo As vias aéreas superiores (VAS) são influenciadas pelo crescimento e desenvolvimento do complexo craniofacial e posição espacial dos ossos maxilares durante o tratamento ortodôntico pode estreitar ou aumentar a dimensão dos espaços faríngeos. A análise tridimensional do volume e área axial mínima dos respectivos sub-espaços é benéfica para o planejamento do caso, pois permite identificar possíveis barreiras físicas que comprometem a passagem de ar e o fluxo respiratório, além de ser um método auxiliar de diagnóstico para desordens relacionadas a essa função. A solicitação de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) é necessária para a correta avaliação digital, com os devidos protocolos de aquisição e reconstrução dos exames de imagem, calibração da metodologia e padronização de análise das mesmas. O objetivo deste trabalho é desmitificar o passo a passo específico dessa análise no software Dolphin Imaging® e descrever os fatores técnicos e anatômicos para delimitação dos espaços correspondentes às VAS. Para ilustrar o protocolo foram utilizadas TCFC de paciente com má oclusão de Angle Classe II, 1a divisão antes da instalação (T1) de propulsor mandibular (aparelho fixo cimentado de Herbst com ancoragem dentária) e após 12 meses de tratamento (T2). A partir da mensuração dos espaços correspondentes às VAS, comparando os dois tempos de tratamento, foi possível analisar as alterações do espaço faríngeo após o uso de propulsor mandibular e evidenciar a importância da avaliação tridimensional da dimensão aérea para um planejamento ortodôntico individualizado. (AU)

Abstract The upper airways (UA) are influenced by the growth and development of the craniofacial complex and any alteration in the maxillary bones during orthodontic treatment can narrow or increase the size of the pharyngeal spaces. The three-dimensional analysis of the volume and the minimum axial area of the respective sub-spaces is beneficial for case planning as it allows the identification of possible physical barriers that compromise the air passage and the respiratory flow, besides being an auxiliary diagnostic method for disorders related to this function. The request for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is necessary for the correct digital evaluation with the appropriate protocols for the acquisition and reconstruction of the image exams, calibration of the methodology, and standardization of their analysis. The objective of this work is to demystify the specific step-by-step analysis in the Dolphin Imaging® software and to describe the technical and anatomical factors for delimiting the spaces corresponding to the UA. To illustrate this protocol, CBCT of a patient with Angle Class II malocclusion, first division were analyzed before the installation (T1) of a mandibular thruster (fixed cemented Herbst appliance with dental anchorage) and after 12 months of treatment (T2). From the measurement of the spaces corresponding to VAS, comparing the two treatment times, it was possible to analyze the changes in the pharyngeal space after the use of mandibular thruster and to highlight the importance of the three-dimensional assessment of the air dimension for individualized orthodontic planning. (AU)

Three-dimensional accuracy of virtual planning in orthognathic surgery.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of virtual surgical planning (VSP) performed by Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.9; Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif). METHODS: Ten people requiring bimaxillary surgery and genioplasty were followed up prospectively. All patients had preoperative cone-beam computed tomography, plaster models, and photographs allowing for VSP. Interocclusal intermediate surgical splints were produced using a 3-dimensional (3D) printer. Postoperative images were acquired 15 days after surgery using cone-beam computed tomography. ITK-Snap (version 3.6; Cognitica, Philadelphia, Pa) allowed the segmentation of reliable 3D models. Geomagic Qualify 2013 (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC) and MeshValmet (version 3.0) were used to identify the differences between VSP and actual surgical results through the root mean square values and the 3D translational displacement (3-axes) of the 3D centroid of each model. RESULTS: Discrepancies between the VSP and the actual result were found at the mandible (P = 0.013) and the chin (P = 0.013) when considering the root mean square values. In addition, 3D centroid differences were found in the transverse and sagittal direction of the right ramus (P = 0.034 and P = 0.005, respectively) and the sagittal aspect of the left ramus (P = 0.025). Considering 2 mm as a threshold of clinical relevance, almost all the bone fragments (maxilla, proximal, and distal mandibular segments) were accurately corrected by surgery, although not in the chin. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the obtained values, it is possible to consider the Dolphin Imaging software as clinically acceptable for performing virtual orthognathic surgical planning.

Management of the Vertical Dimension in the Camouflage Treatment of an Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

Treating skeletal class III malocclusions is one of the biggest challenges in Orthodontics. Given the complexity of these cases, orthognathic surgery is often the best treatment option. However, many patients refuse this treatment due to its risks, morbidity, and costs involved. Alternatively, dental compensation can be planned for some of these skeletal problems. This case report presents a dentoalveolar compensation in the orthodontic treatment of a 20-year-old female patient with class III malocclusion, concave profile, anterior crossbite, mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrusion, and a vertical deficiency in the posterior region. Treatment planning involved a multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW) associated with intermaxillary elastics with counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in the posterior region of the maxilla aiming at obtaining an increased posterior vertical dimension. After 24 months of treatment, the severe anterior crossbite was corrected, and the skeletal class III relationship was camouflaged. At the end of the orthodontic treatment, it was possible to observe an improved facial profile, a nice smile, and a functional occlusion. The results remained stable at a three-year follow-up. The MEAW, associated with the use of elastics, seems to be an effective treatment option for class III camouflage with reduced posterior vertical dimension with no need for additional anchoring devices but requiring adequate bending of wires and patient compliance.

Force decay evaluation of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics: in vivo study

ABSTRACT Objective: This clinical study was conducted in order to evaluate force decay over time of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics. Methods: Patients (n = 15) were evaluated using latex and non-latex elastics in the periods of : 0, 1, 3, 12 and 24 hours. The rubber bands were transferred to the testing machine (EMIC DL-500 MF), and force values were recorded after stretching the elastic to a length of 25mm. Paired t test was applied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the variation of force generated. LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) post-hoc test was thus employed. Results: As regards the initial forces (zero time), the values of force for non-latex elastic were slightly higher than for the latex elastic. In the subsequent times, the forces generated by the latex elastic showed higher values. Regarding the material degradation, at the end of 24 hours the highest percentage was observed for non-latex elastic. Conclusions: The latex elastics had a more stable behavior during the studied period, compared with non-latex.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo clínico foi avaliar e comparar o comportamento dos elásticos de látex e não látex quanto à perda de força ao longo do tempo. Método: os pacientes (n = 15) foram avaliados usando ambos os tipos de material (látex e não látex) em cada tempo: 0, 1, 3, 12 e 24 horas. Os elásticos foram transferidos para a máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL-500 MF) e os valores de força foram registrados após a distensão dos elásticos a uma distância de 25 mm. Foi aplicado o teste t pareado, e a análise de variância (ANOVA) foi realizada para verificar a variação das forças geradas em todos os tempos estudados. Em seguida, o teste post-hoc LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) foi aplicado. Resultados: quanto às forças iniciais (tempo zero), os valores de força dos elásticos não látex foram ligeiramente maiores do que dos elásticos de látex. Nos tempos subsequentes, as forças geradas pelos elásticos de látex apresentaram valores superiores às geradas pelos elásticos não látex. Em relação à degradação do material, ao fim do período de 24 horas, o maior percentual foi observado pelos elásticos não látex. Conclusões: os elásticos de látex apresentaram comportamento mais estável durante o período de estudo, em comparação aos não látex.

Force decay evaluation of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics: in vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study was conducted in order to evaluate force decay over time of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics. METHODS: Patients (n = 15) were evaluated using latex and non-latex elastics in the periods of : 0, 1, 3, 12 and 24 hours. The rubber bands were transferred to the testing machine (EMIC DL-500 MF), and force values were recorded after stretching the elastic to a length of 25mm. Paired t test was applied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the variation of force generated. LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) post-hoc test was thus employed. RESULTS: As regards the initial forces (zero time), the values of force for non-latex elastic were slightly higher than for the latex elastic. In the subsequent times, the forces generated by the latex elastic showed higher values. Regarding the material degradation, at the end of 24 hours the highest percentage was observed for non-latex elastic. CONCLUSIONS: The latex elastics had a more stable behavior during the studied period, compared with non-latex.

Nonsurgical treatment for a severe anterior and lateral open bite and multiple congenitally missing teeth: a case report with 4-year follow-up

ABSTRACT This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior and lateral open bite combined with multiple congenitally missing teeth. A 10-year-old girl presented with an open gonial angle, absence of lip sealing, and soft tissue pogonion retrusion. She had an open bite of 8.5 mm, agenesis of the upper right and left lateral incisors and the upper left first premolar, and transverse maxillary deficiency. Nonsurgical treatment was planned aiming at controlling the vertical pattern, establishing the correct overbite, and closing the spaces on the upper arch, to provide satisfactory occlusion and facial and dental esthetics.

RESUMO O presente caso clínico descreve o tratamento de uma mordida aberta anterior e lateral associada à ausência congênita de dentes permanentes. Paciente com 10 anos de idade, apresentava ângulo goníaco aberto, ausência de selamento labial passivo e retrusão do pogônio mole. Além disso, foi diagnosticada uma mordida aberta de 8,5 mm, agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores direito e esquerdo e de primeiro pré-molar superior esquerdo, além de deficiência transversa da maxila. O planejamento do caso envolveu um tratamento não cirúrgico, com controle vertical do crescimento, obtenção de correta sobremordida e fechamento dos espaços superiores. O caso foi finalizado com uma boa intercuspidação, contemplando a estética facial e dentária.

Nonsurgical treatment for a severe anterior and lateral open bite and multiple congenitally missing teeth: a case report with 4-year follow-up.

This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior and lateral open bite combined with multiple congenitally missing teeth. A 10-year-old girl presented with an open gonial angle, absence of lip sealing, and soft tissue pogonion retrusion. She had an open bite of 8.5 mm, agenesis of the upper right and left lateral incisors and the upper left first premolar, and transverse maxillary deficiency. Nonsurgical treatment was planned aiming at controlling the vertical pattern, establishing the correct overbite, and closing the spaces on the upper arch, to provide satisfactory occlusion and facial and dental esthetics.

Occlusal and facial features in Amazon indigenous: An insight into the role of genetics and environment in the etiology dental malocclusion.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous people of the Xingu river present a similar tooth wear pattern, practise exclusive breast-feeding, no pacifier use, and have a large intertribal genetic distance. OBJECTIVE: To revisit the etiology of dental malocclusion features considering these population characteristics. DESIGN: Occlusion and facial features of five semi-isolated Amazon indigenous populations (n=351) were evaluated and compared to previously published data from urban Amazon people. RESULTS: Malocclusion prevalence ranged from 33.8% to 66.7%. Overall this prevalence is lower when compared to urban people mainly regarding posterior crossbite. A high intertribal diversity was found. The Arara-Laranjal village had a population with a normal face profile (98%) and a high rate of normal occlusion (66.2%), while another group from the same ethnicity presented a high prevalence of malocclusion, the highest occurrence of Class III malocclusion (32.6%) and long face (34.8%). In Pat-Krô village the population had the highest prevalence of Class II malocclusion (43.9%), convex profile (38.6%), increased overjet (36.8%) and deep bite (15.8%). Another village's population, from the same ethnicity, had a high frequency of anterior open bite (22.6%) and anterior crossbite (12.9%). The highest occurrence of bi-protrusion was found in the group with the lowest prevalence of dental crowding, and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: Supported by previous genetic studies and given their similar environmental conditions, the high intertribal diversity of occlusal and facial features suggests that genetic factors contribute substantially to the morphology of occlusal and facial features in the indigenous groups studied. The low prevalence of posterior crossbite in the remote indigenous populations compared with urban populations may relate to prolonged breastfeeding and an absence of pacifiers in the indigenous groups.

Relationship of tooth wear to chronological age among indigenous Amazon populations.

In indigenous populations, age can be estimated based on family structure and physical examination. However, the accuracy of such methods is questionable. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate occlusal tooth wear related to estimated age in the remote indigenous populations of the Xingu River, Amazon. Two hundred and twenty three semi-isolated indigenous subjects with permanent dentition from the Arara (n = 117), Xicrin-Kayapó (n = 60) and Assurini (n = 46) villages were examined. The control group consisted of 40 non-indigenous individuals living in an urban area in the Amazon basin (Belem). A modified tooth wear index was applied and then associated with chronological age by linear regression analysis. A strong association was found between tooth wear and chronological age in the indigenous populations (p <0.001). Tooth wear measurements were able to explain 86% of the variation in the ages of the Arara sample, 70% of the Xicrin-Kaiapó sample and 65% of the Assurini sample. In the urban control sample, only 12% of ages could be determined by tooth wear. These findings suggest that tooth wear is a poor estimator of chronological age in the urban population; however, it has a strong association with age for the more remote indigenous populations. Consequently, these findings suggest that a simple tooth wear evaluation method, as described and applied in this study, can be used to provide a straightforward and efficient means to assist in age determination of newly contacted indigenous groups.

Mechanical properties of NiTi and CuNiTi wires used in orthodontic treatment. Part 2: Microscopic surface appraisal and metallurgical characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed at comparing the qualitative chemical compositions and the surface morphology of fracture regions of eight types of Nickel/Titanium (NiTi) conventional wires, superelastic and heat-activated (GAC, TP, Ormco, Masel, Morelli and Unitek), to the wires with addition of copper (CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC, Ormco) after traction test. METHODS: The analyses were performed in a scanning electronic microscope (JEOL, model JSM-5800 LV) with EDS system of microanalysis (energy dispersive spectroscopy). RESULTS: The results showed that NiTi wires presented Ni and Ti as the main elements of the alloy with minimum differences in their composition. The CuNiTi wires, however, presented Ni and Ti with a significant percentage of copper (Cu). As for surface morphology, the wires that presented the lowest wire-surface roughness were the superelastic ones by Masel and Morelli, while those that presented the greatest wire-surface roughness were the CuNiTi 27ºC and 35ºC by Ormco, due to the presence of microcavity formed as a result of pulling out some particles, possibly of NiTi4. The fracture surfaces presented characteristics of ductile fracture, with presence of microcavities. The superelastic wires by GAC and the CuNiTi 27ºC and the heat-activated ones by Unitek presented the smallest microcavities and the lowest wire-surface roughness with regard to fracture, while the CuNiTi 35ºC wires presented inadequate wire-surface roughness in the fracture region. CONCLUSIONS: CuNiTi 35ºC wires did not present better morphologic characteristics in comparison to the other wires with regard to surfaces and fracture region.

Shear bond resistance and enamel surface comparison after the bonding and debonding of ceramic and metallic brackets.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength presented by three brands of polycrystalline ceramic brackets and one brand of metallic bracket; verify the adhesive remnant index (ARI) after the tests, and analyze, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the enamel surface topography after debonding, detecting the release of mineral particles. METHODS: Sixty bovine lower incisors were used. Three ceramic brackets (Allure®, InVu®, and Clarity®) and one metallic bracket (Geneus®) were bonded with Transbond XT®. Kruskal-Wallis's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of shear bond and ARI. Mann Whitney's test was performed to compare the pairs of brackets in relation to their ARI. Brown-Forsythe's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of enamel chemical composition. Comparisons between groups were made with Games-Howell's and the Post-hoc tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the shear bond strength loads. Clarity® brackets were the most affected in relation to the surface topography and to the release of mineral particles of enamel (calcium ions). CONCLUSIONS: With regard to the ARI, there was a prevalence of score 4 (40.4%). As for enamel surface topography, the Geneus® bracket was the only one which did not show superficial tissue loss. The InVu® and Clarity® ones showed cohesive fractures in 33.3% and the Allure® in 50%, the latter being the one that presented most fractures during removal.

Shear bond resistance and enamel surface comparison after the bonding and debonding of ceramic and metallic brackets

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength presented by three brands of polycrystalline ceramic brackets and one brand of metallic bracket; verify the adhesive remnant index (ARI) after the tests, and analyze, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the enamel surface topography after debonding, detecting the release of mineral particles. METHODS: Sixty bovine lower incisors were used. Three ceramic brackets (Allure(r), InVu(r), and Clarity(r)) and one metallic bracket (Geneus(r)) were bonded with Transbond XT(r). Kruskal-Wallis's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of share bond and ARI. Mann Whitney's test was performed to compare the pairs of brackets in relation to their ARI. Brown-Forsythe's test (significance level set at 5%) was applied to the results of enamel chemical composition. Comparisons between groups were made with Games-Howell's and the Post-hoc tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the shear bond strength loads. Clarity(r) brackets were the most affected in relation to the surface topography and to the release of mineral particles of enamel (calcium ions). CONCLUSION: With regard to the ARI, there was a prevalence of score 4 (40.4%). As for enamel surface topography, the Geneus(r) bracket was the only one which did not show superficial tissue loss. The InVu(r) and Clarity(r) ones showed cohesive fractures in 33.3% and the Allure(r) in 50%, the latter being the one that presented most fractures during removal. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar, in vitro, a resistência ao cisalhamento apresentada por três marcas de braquetes ortodônticos cerâmicos policristalinos e uma marca de braquete metálico, verificando os índices de resina remanescentes (IRA) após os ensaios, e analisar, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, as topografias superficiais do esmalte após a descolagem, detectando o desprendimento de partículas minerais desse. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 60 incisivos inferiores bovinos. Os braquetes cerâmicos (Allure, InVu e Clarity) e metálico (Geneus) foram colados utilizando-se o adesivo Transbond XT. Para os resultados referentes ao cisalhamento e ao IRA, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. A prova de Mann-Whtiney foi utilizada para comparar os diferentes tipos de braquetes aos pares, quanto ao IRA. Para a análise dos resultados referentes às composições químicas do esmalte, aplicou-se o teste de Brown-Forsythe, com significância de 5%. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas utilizando os testes Post Hoc e de Games-Hoewell. RESULTADOS: não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto às cargas de cisalhamento. O Clarity foi o mais afetado em relação à topografia e ao desprendimento de partículas minerais do esmalte (íons Ca). CONCLUSÃO: em relação ao IRA, foi confirmada a prevalência do escore 4, com um percentual de 40,4%. Em relação à topografia superficial do esmalte, o Geneus foi o único que não apresentou perda de tecido . O InVu e o Clarity apresentaram fraturas coesivas de 33,3% de suas amostras, e o Allure de 50%, sendo o que mais fraturou durante a remoção. .